Some children are weeding a lowland rice paddy. A family’s children are a valuable resource and people living near rice plantations are particularly exposed to malaria. According to UNICEF, in Mali the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 46%. Near Kouoro-Barrage, Mali, 19 September 2010.Some children are weeding a lowland rice paddy. A family’s children are a valuable resource and people living near rice plantations are particularly exposed to malaria. According to UNICEF, in Mali the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 46%. Near Kouoro-Barrage, Mali, 19 September 2010.A family’s children are a valuable resource. According to UNICEF, in Burkina the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 49%. Near Willie, Burkina Faso, 18 November 2010.A family’s children are a valuable resource. According to UNICEF, in Burkina the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 49%. Near Willie, Burkina Faso, 15 November 2010.A family’s children are a valuable resource. According to UNICEF, in Burkina the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 49%. A yam field about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 21 October 2010.A family’s children are a valuable resource. According to UNICEF, in Burkina the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 49%. Near Willie, Burkina Faso, 14 November 2010.A family’s children are a valuable resource. According to UNICEF, in Senegal the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 49%. Lompoul, Senegal, 3 June 2010.The green stems are used by the children to learn how to count. A small village, about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 21 October 2010Early in the morning these children are on their way to school. A small village about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 22 October 2010.Early in the morning these children are on their way to school. A small village about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 22 October 2010.These girls are on their way to school in the mid-afternoon. In the background are fences made with millet canes to protect the vegetable gardens from animals. Reo, Burkina Faso, 7 December 2010.At the start of the school year this farmer is bringing his sons to school for the first time. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Before classes begin, the raising of the flag of Burkina in the court of the village primary school. Nante, Burkina Faso, 2 November 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. It is the beginning of the school year and the teacher is introducing a new student to the class. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Studies at Burkina Faso show evidence of the inequality in education between boy and girls, the rural and the urban, and the poor and the well-to-do. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in a primary school classroom in a small village. One of the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set by the United Nations is to “Achieve universal primary education for all” (Objective 2). Although this goal is undoubtedly essential, achievement testing has shown that students from rural areas have significant disadvantages. Having to help out in the fields and at home, plus their undernourishment, explains their exhaustion and lack of attention in class. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.Scene in the courtyard of a primary school. This teacher has decided to hold his class outdoors in order to maintain his students’ attention. Tiefora, Burkina Faso, 11 October 2010.A playground scene at a primary school. A dozen km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 27 October 2010.A classroom in a small primary school. Part of the sorghum crop has been stored here. Vé, Bukina Faso, 10 December 2010.The workers at the “Centre of Excellence in Agriculture of Ngomene, funded by His Majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco and the State of Senegal”, as the sign indicates at the entrance, use the place to collect drinking water (especially for the school) since the surrounding villages don’t have any. Ngomene, Senegal, 26 May 2010.University Cheikh Anta Diop (on July 26, 2007, Sarkozy gave his famous Dakar speech here). Created in 1957 to accommodate about 6,000 students, it presently has about 60,000. This overcrowding is the cause of a number of safety problems, poor health (outbreaks of tuberculosis in 2010 for example) not to mention the difficulty in providing instruction. Dakar, Senegal, 18 May 2010.Inside the University Cheikh Anta Diop. Students are desperately waiting for the payment of their scholarships. Created in 1957 to accommodate about 6,000 students, it presently has about 60,000. This overcrowding is the cause of a number of safety problems, poor health (outbreaks of tuberculosis in 2010 for example) not to mention the difficulty in providing instruction. Dakar, Senegal, 18 May 2010.The canteen at the University. Created in 1957 to accommodate about 6,000 students, it presently has about 60,000. This overcrowding is the cause of a number of safety problems, poor health (outbreaks of tuberculosis in 2010 for example) not to mention the difficulty in providing instruction. Dakar, Senegal, 18 May 2010.Inside the University Cheikh Anta Diop. Students are desperately waiting for the payment of their scholarships. On April 30, Ndeye Ngaty Ndoye reported in his article: Mamadou Sané, a student in medicine and President of the Social Committee states: “ Our young brothers must receive their awards since October, so far they have received nothing. You can judge for yourself the difficulties they face.” Dakar, Senegal, 18 May 2010.A billboard that says, “Space births and enjoy life.” Demographic grows poses and will continue to pose problems for education, professional training, employment and public health that are delicate to resolve. “The rate of growth is going to remain elevated for the next twenty years before beginning to slightly decrease.” Near Mboumba, Senegal, 7 July 2010.A child is helping his father plow a field in preparation for planting. Children are a valuable resource for families. According to UNICEF, in Mali the net rate of boys attending primary school between 2005-2009 was 46%. Near Kolokani, Mali, 13 September 2010.Two children are taking shelter from the rain. According to the WHO, “In many places, transmission (of malaria) is seasonal with a peak during or just after the rainy season.” A small village on the road from Sido, Mali, 4 September 2010.A scene after a violent storm. According to the WHO, “In many places, transmission (of malaria) is seasonal with a peak during or just after the rainy season.” A small village on the road from Nkourala, Mali, 8 September 2010.In the town of Sido, in mid-afternoon, a violent storm has caused flooding. According to the WHO, “In many places, transmission (of malaria) is seasonal with a peak during or just after the rainy season.” Sido, Mali, 4 September 2010.A young farmer has just found an aerosol can of insecticide, unfortunately empty. A great many studies have shown the link that exists between malaria and poverty. One frequently reads as well that “malaria is on the the primary causes of illness and absenteeism among teachers and students. Its control would add leverage toward reaching the goal of a primary education for all.” Near Kampti, Burkina Faso, 20 October 2010.A child poses with a mosquito net that she and her family have just picked up at a “mass free distribution, being held this month of October, of 8 million long-acting impregnated mosquito nets to be used for disease prevention” sponsored by the Burkina authorities. Sapouy, Burkina Faso, 3 November 2010.Scene in a vegetable garden. The farm worker who is watering the tomato plants has come here to work from another province (Zinare), and sleeps on the site, about 200 meters from the waters of Lake Bam. Kongoussi, Burkina Faso, 17 December 2010.Scene in a vegetable garden. These agricultural workers have also come from the province of Zinare to work in the fields and sleep on site, about 300 meters from the waters of Lake Bam. Kongoussi, Burkina Faso, 17 December 2010.The camp of some seasonal workers from Gambia who have come to work in the rice paddies. The camp is set up right next to the rice fields that they are currently mowing. People living near rice plantations are particularly exposed to malaria, and the water being drawn here is intended for drinking. South Kassak, Senegal, 22 June 2010.The camp of some seasonal workers from Gambia who have come to work in the rice paddies. The camp is set up right next to the rice fields that they are currently mowing. People living near rice plantations are particularly exposed to malaria, and the water that is being drunk came from the nearby creek. South Kassak, Senegal, 22 June 2010.The camp of some seasonal workers from Gambia who have come to work in the rice paddies. The camp is set up right next to the rice fields that they are currently mowing. People living near rice plantations are particularly exposed to malaria. South Kassak, Senegal, 22 June 2010.A common bathing scene at the edge of a village. This woman had drawn some water from a little stream to wash herself and her child. Drinking this water can lead to health problems (cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitus, diarrhea - 1.5 million children under 5 years old die each year from diarrhea). Daharatou, Senegal, 23 July 2010.A common bathing scene at the edge of a village. This woman had drawn some water from a little stream to wash herself and her child. Drinking this water can lead to health problems (cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitus, diarrhea - 1.5 million children under 5 years old die each year from diarrhea). Daharatou, Senegal, 23 July 2010.An agricultural worker who works on the rice harvest has injured his ankle. Before going to the clinic, which costs money, he has come to see a farmer in the village who has some skill as a bonesetter. South Kassak, Senegal, 17 June 2010.In the courtyard of a family house, a nurse puts a dressing on a patient who has a boil on his face. The day before he explained his situation: as a result of a decentralization policy, certain health professionals are no longer under the authority of the state but under the control of the townships. After a dispute with the city and not being paid for 2 years, he decided with the head nurse to go on strike for 3 months. Nowadays he does his work at his home. Lakamane, Mali, 30 July 2010.This child waits for a shower to stop before returning with his father to work on their small plot of land. A little village on the road to Tioribougou, Mali, 13 August 2010.Some village women are preparing a report on the weights of village children which took place yesterday under the auspices of a US program (USAID) aimed at the nutritional crisis. It also plans to invest “significantly in the agricultural sector.” The day before, in the middle of the “in-between” period (the time that separates the consumption of last year’s harvest and the next), a child was identified as very malnourished and will be taken within a few days to the hospital in St. Louis. South Kassak, Senegal, 18 June 2010. Meal preparation. The woman is slicing okra which is commonly used in a sauce with is served on cereal. A small village, about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 22 October 2010.Frying millet fritters by the side of the road. It was the only food I could find this evening. Near Sougoumba, Mali, 26 September 2010.Several Fulani families have been migrating “for a few months” to find grazing for their herds. Now that the rainy season has started they are on their way home to their villages in the Sahel region of Nara. In the neighbourhood of Segue, Mali, 7 August 2010.Alassane, the aide in a clinic, has made a list of those children who are eligible for supplemental food (oil, salt, beans in particular) donated by PAM under a program to combat acute malnutrition. Daharatou, Senegal, 23 July 2010.Alassane, the aide in a clinic, has made a list of those children who are eligible for supplemental food (oil, salt, beans in particular) donated by PAM under a program to combat acute malnutrition. Daharatou, Senegal, 23 July 2010.A old colonial soldier poses with his grandson. The baby was weighed the day before by some villagers who belong to a health intervention program sponsored by the United States (USAID) responding to the food crisis, and which intends as well to invest “significantly in the agricultural sector”. The child was identified as very undernourished and will be taken within a few days to the hospital in St Louis. South Kassak, Senegal, 19 June 2010.The camp of a small group of Fulani herdsmen. The child lying down has malaria. Next to him are the medications that his father just bought at the dispensary in the little village of Segue not far away. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Segue, Mali, 8 August 2010.A father, with a child in his arms who has malaria, has come to a clinic for consultation and to buy medication. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Segue, Mali, 8 August 2010.Little Raoul, who is suffering from malaria, is lying down on a mat on the concrete pavement in front of his house. His mother is watching him. She is reluctant to go to the dispensary because of the cost involved. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Segue, Mali, 8 August 2010.A young man who has malaria is resting. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. A small village about 5 km from Passena, Burkina Faso, 21 October 2010.In the courtyard of a clinic, a farmer who has just had an intravenous injection of quinine, is leaning on a motor bike. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.In the courtyard of a clinic, this child who has just had a perfusion of quinine is trying to recover. After he left, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.In the courtyard of a clinic, this child who has just had a perfusion of quinine is about to leave. When he was gone, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali - 9 September 2010.A scene in the courtyard of a health clinic. This man is waiting for a consultation for the two children who accompany him. Farkala, Mali, 12 September 2010.On the porch of a village clinic, this mother is watching over her child who has been given an infusion to treat her malaria. Every 30 seconds, principally in Sub-Saharan Africa, a child dies of malaria. Nante, Burkina Faso, 1 November 2010.On the porch of a clinic, this child who has just been given an infusion of quinine is trying to recover. After they were gone, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.On the porch of a clinic, a young farmer waits for an injection of quinine. An infusion would be less painful, but since he is the one who must pay he opts for the injection. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. NKourala, Mali, 10 September 2010.This child is suffering from malaria. He arrived soiled, I think because he had had a convulsion, and he was put on the floor by the nurses. After an infusion of quinine his condition will improve and he will leave with his family and an appointment for the next day to continue treatment. After they were gone, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.A couple has come to consult the nurse at a clinic because their child has malaria. Farkala, Mali, 11 September 2010.The nurse listens to the chest of a child who a few days earlier was suffering from malaria. His father brought him for a check-up visit. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Sougoumba, Mali, 27 September 2010.The nurse at a clinic examines a child who has malaria. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Farkala, Mali, 11 September 2010.A father with a child on his knees who has malaria, have come to the clinic for a consultation and to buy medicine. The nurse is preparing an injection. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Segue, Mali, 8 August 2010.A caregiver at the clinic gives an intravenous injection of quinine to this woman who has had a bout of malaria. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.A caregiver at the clinic gives an intravenous injection of quinine to this woman who has had a bout of malaria. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. NKourala, Mali, 10 September 2010.A caregiver at the clinic gives an injection of quinine to this farm worker who has had a bout of malaria. An intravenous perfusion would be less painful but since he is paying for it he opts for the injection. As well as the rate of mortality, studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. NKourala, Mali, 11 September 2010.A father with a child on his knees who has malaria, have come to the clinic for a consultation and to buy medicine. The nurse is giving a quinine injection. In Africa the mortality linked to this parasitic epidemic is estimated to be nearly a million per year, and it is the cause of one childhood death out of five. The majority of childhood deaths due to malaria are attributed to a delay in administering effective treatment. Sougoumba, Mali, 26 September 2010.Care is being given to a child who is suffering from malaria. He arrived soiled, I think because he had had a convulsion, and he was put on the floor by the nurses. After an infusion of quinine his condition will improve and he will leave with his family and an appointment for the next day to continue treatment. After they were gone, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.Care is being given to a child who is suffering from malaria. He arrived soiled, I think because he had had a convulsion, and he was put on the floor by the nurses. After an infusion of quinine his condition will improve and he will leave with his family and an appointment for the next day to continue treatment. After they were gone, the “major” (the head nurse) told me: “If his condition is stable they won’t come back, you’ll see, and he will relapse quickly. It’s not like France here, treatment is paid for and the people don’t have any money.” Sadly, as studies have demonstrated, “Malaria and poverty are linked and rural populations are particularly affected.” NKourala, Mali, 9 September 2010.Scene in a patient’s room in a clinic. These two children are suffering from malaria. This endemic parasitic disease carries a considerable human, social and economic cost. As well as the mortality (every 30 seconds a child will die, principally in Sub-Sarahan Africa) , studies have shown the adverse effects of this disease on productivity, the country’s GDP, and emphasize that rural poverty is an aggravating factor. Families are expending a significant portion of their resources to pay for care, and episodes of malaria limit the activity of people of all ages. Farkala, Mali - 12 September 2010.Scene in a treatment room in a clinic. The patient, who works as a farmer, is waiting for the aide to listen to his chest. NKourala, Mali, 11 September 2010.Ousmane, a clinic nurse in this little village makes a report of the month’s activities. During the rainy season, the majority of interventions are tied to malaria. Sougoumba, Mali, 27 September 2010.In the pharmacy corner of a small village clinic. Ousmane, one of two nurses, gives instructions to a man about the medicine he has just purchased. Sougoumba, Mali, 27 September 2010.Scene in a patient’s room in a small village clinic. The man lying down had a heat stroke in his field, and a member of his family has come to visit him. Taredji, Senegal, 6 July 2010.Siaka, one of two nurses in a clinic, is charging a battery. The care centre has neither running water nor electricity. Sougoumba, Mali - 27 September 2010.Siaka, one of two nurses in a clinic, in the room where he sleeps. Health care workers are not always from the region and frequently have to live in or around the clinic. Sougoumba, Mali, 27 September 2010.Scene in a little village 20 km from Tiefora. A farmer has died “from a long illness” and will be buried behind his house during the night, immediately after a mass said by a protestant minister. Burkina Faso, 9 October 2010.During the night, one of Adama’s children has died of malaria. His father is mourning and preparing to receive visitors. Passena, Burkina Faso, 26 October 2010.Scene in a little village 20 km from Tiefora. A farmer has died “from a long illness” and will be buried behind his house during the night, immediately after a mass said by a protestant minister. Burkina Faso, 9 October 2010.A storm is about to break, which will add to the surplus of stagnant water. According to the WHO, “In many places, transmission (of malaria) is seasonal with a peak during or just after the rainy season.” Kouoro Barrage, Mali, 19 September 2010.A field of corn completely flooded, near a village. Kouoro Barrage, Mail, 19 September 2010
